Sexualidad y características biológicas, psicoafectivas y sociales en mujeres climatéricas / Sexuality and biological, psycho-affective and social characteristics in climacterics women

Introducción: Se desconocen las características sexuales, biológicas y psicosociales de mujeres con menopausia fisiológica, en la consulta de climaterio y menopausia. Esta información resulta importante para realizar acciones de promoción de salud. Objetivo: Determinar las características sexuales, biológicas y psicosociales más frecuentes en mujeres climatéricas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en 300 mujeres climatéricas, con menopausia fisiológica confirmada. Se recogió la edad (agrupada en 40-44, 45-49 y más de 49 años), el tiempo de menopausia (agrupada en menos de 3 años, 3-5 años, 6-10 años y más de 10 años), por cientopresencia de afecciones genitourinarias, síntomas físicos, psicosociales y sexuales. Resultados: Predominaron mujeres mayores de 49 años (56 por ciento) con 33,4 por ciento de 3 a 5 años de menopausia, 6,7 por ciento de atrofia genitourinaria, síntomas de sofocos 75 por ciento, dolores óseos, 70 por ciento, depresión-ansiedad y sequedad vaginal, 50 por ciento; 45 por ciento de insatisfacción sexual y dificultad en la toma de decisiones, 40 por ciento con dificultades en la comunicación con la pareja y desinterés, 38,6 por ciento tuvo disminución del deseo sexual, mientras que el 16 por ciento incrementó su apetencia sexual. Conclusiones: Las mujeres climatéricas estudiadas fueron mayores de 49 años, con menopausia entre 3 y 5 años, con bajo porcentaje de atrofia genitourinaria, con sofocos, dolores óseos, sequedad vaginal, depresión, ansiedad, dificultad en la comunicación de pareja y disminución del deseo sexual(AU)

Introduction: The sexual, biological and psychosocial characteristics of women with physiological menopause in the climacteric and menopause consultation are not known. This information is important to carry out health promotion actions. Objective: To determine the most frequent sexual, biological and psychosocial characteristics in climacteric women. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 300 climacteric women with confirmed physiological menopause. Age (grouped in 40-44, 45-49 and more than 49 years), time of menopause (grouped in less than 3 years, 3-5 years, 6-10 years and more than 10 years), presence of genitourinary affections, physical, psychosocial and sexual symptoms. Results: Women older than 49 years (56 percent o) predominated with 33.4 percent of 3 to 5 years of menopause, 6.7 percent of genitourinary atrophy, symptoms of hot flashes 75 percent o, bone pain, 70 percent o, depression-anxiety and dryness vaginal, 50 percent o; 45 percent o of sexual dissatisfaction and difficulty in making decisions, 40 percent o with difficulties in communication with the partner and disinterest, 38.6% had a decrease in sexual desire, while 16 percent o increased their sexual desire. Conclusions: The climacteric women studied were older than 49 years, with menopause between 3 and 5 years, with a low percentage of genitourinary atrophy, with hot flashes, bone pain, vaginal dryness, depression, anxiety, difficulty in partner communication and decreased desire sexual(AU)

Survival, development and reproduction of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on kaolin-treated cotton / Sobrevivência, desenvolvimento e reprodução de Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) em algodão tratado com caulim

Abstract The mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a cotton pest widespread in several cotton growing regions of Brazil, particularly in the semi-arid region of southwestern Bahia. The impact of kaolin on survival, development and reproduction of P. solenopsis was evaluated in the laboratory. The experiment was developed in a completely randomized design with two treatments: immature or newly emerged adults of P. solenopsis sprayed with kaolin and fed with cotton leaf discs treated with kaolin suspension (with kaolin) (T1) and immature or newly emerged adults of P. solenopsis sprayed with distilled water and fed with cotton leaf discs treated with distilled water (without kaolin) (T2). The kaolin suspension shortens the life cycle, increases the reproductive potential and population growth of the cotton mealybug, P. solenopsis and, therefore, it should be used with caution on cotton plants in regions with a history of occurrence of this pest.

Resumo A cochonilha Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) é uma praga de algodão, amplamente, difundida em várias regiões produtoras do Brasil, particularmente, na região semiárida do sudoeste da Bahia. O impacto do caulim na sobrevivência, desenvolvimento e reprodução de P. solenopsis foi avaliado em laboratório. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos: imaturos ou adultos recém-emergidos de P. solenopsis alimentados com discos foliares de algodão tratados com caulim (com caulim) e pulverizadas com este produto (T1) e imaturos ou adultos recém-emergidos de P. solenopsis alimentados com discos foliares de algodão tratados com água destilada (sem caulim) e pulverização dos insetos com água destilada (T2). A suspensão do caulim encurtou o ciclo de vida, aumentou o potencial reprodutivo e o crescimento populacional da cochonilha-do-algodoeiro, P. solenopsis e, portanto, deve ser utilizado com cautela em plantas de algodão em regiões com histórico de ocorrência desta praga.

Survival, development and reproduction of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on kaolin-treated cotton

Abstract The mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a cotton pest widespread in several cotton growing regions of Brazil, particularly in the semi-arid region of southwestern Bahia. The impact of kaolin on survival, development and reproduction of P. solenopsis was evaluated in the laboratory. The experiment was developed in a completely randomized design with two treatments: immature or newly emerged adults of P. solenopsis sprayed with kaolin and fed with cotton leaf discs treated with kaolin suspension (with kaolin) (T1) and immature or newly emerged adults of P. solenopsis sprayed with distilled water and fed with cotton leaf discs treated with distilled water (without kaolin) (T2). The kaolin suspension shortens the life cycle, increases the reproductive potential and population growth of the cotton mealybug, P. solenopsis and, therefore, it should be used with caution on cotton plants in regions with a history of occurrence of this pest.

Resumo A cochonilha Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) é uma praga de algodão, amplamente, difundida em várias regiões produtoras do Brasil, particularmente, na região semiárida do sudoeste da Bahia. O impacto do caulim na sobrevivência, desenvolvimento e reprodução de P. solenopsis foi avaliado em laboratório. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos: imaturos ou adultos recém-emergidos de P. solenopsis alimentados com discos foliares de algodão tratados com caulim (com caulim) e pulverizadas com este produto (T1) e imaturos ou adultos recém-emergidos de P. solenopsis alimentados com discos foliares de algodão tratados com água destilada (sem caulim) e pulverização dos insetos com água destilada (T2). A suspensão do caulim encurtou o ciclo de vida, aumentou o potencial reprodutivo e o crescimento populacional da cochonilha-do-algodoeiro, P. solenopsis e, portanto, deve ser utilizado com cautela em plantas de algodão em regiões com histórico de ocorrência desta praga.

Assessment of the magnitude of geographical variations in the duration of non-work-related sickness absence by individual and contextual factors.

OBJECTIVE: To examine variation in the duration of non-work-related sickness absence (NWRSA) across geographical areas and the degree to which this variation can be explained by individual and/or contextual factors. METHODS: All first NWRSA episodes ending in 2007 and 2010 were analyzed. Individual (diagnosis, age, sex) and contextual factors (healthcare resources, socioeconomic factors) were analyzed to assess how much of the geographical variation was explained by these factors. Median NWRSA durations in quartiles were mapped by counties in Catalonia. Multilevel Cox proportional hazard regression models with episodes nested within counties were fitted to quantify the magnitude of this variation. The proportional change in variance (PCV), median hazard ratios (MHR) and interquartile hazard ratios (IHR) were calculated. RESULTS: We found a geographical pattern in the duration of NWRSA, with longer duration in northwestern Catalonia. There was a small, but statistically significant, geographical variation in the duration of NWRSA, which mostly decreased after adjustment for individual factors in both women (PCV=34.98%, MHR=1.09, IHR=1.13 in 2007; PCV=34.68%, MHR=1.11, IHR=1.28 in 2010) and men (PCV=39.88%, MHR=1.10, IHR=1.27 in 2007; PCV=45.93%, MHR=1.10, IHR=1.25 in 2010); only in the case of women in 2010 was there a reduction in county-level variance due to contextual covariates (PCV=16.18%, MHR=1.12, IHR=1.32). CONCLUSIONS: County-level variation in the duration of NWRSA was small and was explained more by individual than by contextual variables. Knowledge of geographic differences in NWRSA duration is needed to plan specific programs and interventions to minimize these differences.